fclose() file handling function

fclose() function is C library function and it's used to releases the memory stream, opened by fopen() function.

Syntax:- fclose( FILE * stream );
Note :- C fclose returns EOF in case of failure and returns 0 on success.

Example;-

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("file1.txt","w");
fprintf(fp, "%s", "helloworld");
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}

Explanation:-
The above example will create a file called file1.txt.
The w means that the file is being opened for writing, and if the file does not exist then the new file will be created.
The fprintf function writes helloworld to the file.
The fclose function closes the file and releases the memory stream.

Comments

CALL BY VALUE AND REFERENCE--

A function can be called by two types 1) Call By Value:- when an original value is not modified , is known as call by value. In call by value the actual parameter(the parameter passed to function) is copied into the formal parameter(parameter receive by function). in this the value of each variable in calling function is copied into the corresponding dummy variable of the called function. the changes made to the dummy variable have no effect on the actual variable. Example:- 2)Call By Reference:- when an original value is modified, is known as call by reference.in this a reference is used , denoted by &(symbol). we can use either pointer or reference for call by reference in this the address of the variable is passed into the function called by actual parameter. in this the memory allocation is same for both actual and formal arguments. Example:-

Type casting

type casting or type conversion allows us to convert one data types into another.for type casting cast operator is required. Syntax:-- (type)expression or value; Example: int f =9/4; //without type casting o/p=2 float f=(float)9/4; //with type casting o/p=2.3 Type conversion are of two types: 1)Implicit Type Conversion:- it is also known as automatic type conversion.When the type conversion is performed automatically by the compiler,such type of conversion is known as implicit type conversion. 2)Explicit Type Conversion:- the type conversion performed by the programmer is known as explicit type conversion.which is done by cast operator as above mentioned.

Recursion--

Definition:- when a function call itself is called recursion. note:- the problem which is solved by recursion is also solved by loops, but it is not necessary the problem solved by loops is also solved by recursion. Example:- Explanation:- 1) a fun function declared which takes argument and return value 2) main starts fun is called by passing 3 value 3)after calling fun definition starts, where check if a==1 no because a is 3, s=a+fun(a-1) means s=3+fun(2) from here fun function is again called now this body again execute now a is 2, so s=3+fun(2), fun(2) is replaced by 2+fun(2-1=1) i.e s=3+2+fun(1) again fun function is called... overall s=3+2+1=6, s is return this return value goes where fun function is called , where return value is stored in k, so k=6 now print is 6.

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