fputs() and fgets() file handling function

Writing File or fputs() function

The fputs() function writes a line of characters into file. It outputs string to a stream.
C fputs function is implemented in file related programs for writing string to any particular file.
In this function returns non-negative value, otherwise returns EOF on error.

Syntax: fputs(const char *s, FILE *stream)

Example:

Reading File or fgets() function

The fgets() function reads a line of characters from file. It gets string from a stream.
C fgets function is implemented in file related programs for reading strings from any particular file. It gets the strings 1 line each time.

Syntax: char* fgets(char *s, int n, FILE *stream)

Return:-
1)On success, the function returns the same str parameter
2)C fgets function returns a NULL pointer in case of a failure.

Example:

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CALL BY VALUE AND REFERENCE--

A function can be called by two types 1) Call By Value:- when an original value is not modified , is known as call by value. In call by value the actual parameter(the parameter passed to function) is copied into the formal parameter(parameter receive by function). in this the value of each variable in calling function is copied into the corresponding dummy variable of the called function. the changes made to the dummy variable have no effect on the actual variable. Example:- 2)Call By Reference:- when an original value is modified, is known as call by reference.in this a reference is used , denoted by &(symbol). we can use either pointer or reference for call by reference in this the address of the variable is passed into the function called by actual parameter. in this the memory allocation is same for both actual and formal arguments. Example:-

Type casting

type casting or type conversion allows us to convert one data types into another.for type casting cast operator is required. Syntax:-- (type)expression or value; Example: int f =9/4; //without type casting o/p=2 float f=(float)9/4; //with type casting o/p=2.3 Type conversion are of two types: 1)Implicit Type Conversion:- it is also known as automatic type conversion.When the type conversion is performed automatically by the compiler,such type of conversion is known as implicit type conversion. 2)Explicit Type Conversion:- the type conversion performed by the programmer is known as explicit type conversion.which is done by cast operator as above mentioned.

UNION

Definition:- Union is similar to structure, except it allows you to define the variable that share storage spaces.Defining a means creating a new data types. How use union:- when we create a structure by using struct keyword, now making a union we just replace the keyword struct with the keyword union , other syntax will be same. Difference between Structure and Union:- the only difference between them is in memory. NOTE:- union is used for low level programming but structure mostly used for high level programming. Program to access union:- """SHARE IT WITH YOUR FRIENDS IF HE DID NOT KNOW""""

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