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STRINGS--


  • String is a sequence of character which terminated by null character("\0").
  • String basically a 1-D array of characters.
  • Size of string is one more than the character in string, for example :"hello" 5 character but size is 6.
Example:- declare and initialize an string, which is same as array
NOTE:-
  • printf("%c",hi[i]);  print character
  • printf("%s",hi);  print whole string 
Functions Related to String:-

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Type casting

type casting or type conversion  allows us to convert one data types into another.for type casting cast operator is required. Syntax:--      (type)expression or value; Example:       int f =9/4; //without type casting       o/p=2       float f=(float)9/4;  //with type casting       o/p=2.3 Type conversion are of two types: 1)Implicit Type Conversion:-  it is also known as automatic type conversion.When the type conversion is performed automatically by the compiler,such type of conversion is known as implicit type conversion. 2)Explicit Type Conversion:-  the type conversion performed by the programmer is known as explicit type conversion.which is done by cast operator as above mentioned.

Recursion--

Definition:- when a function call itself is called recursion. note:- the problem which is solved by recursion is also solved by loops, but it is not necessary the problem solved by loops is also solved by recursion.  Example:- Explanation:- 1) a fun function declared which takes argument and return value 2) main starts fun is called by passing 3 value 3)after calling fun definition starts, where check if a==1 no because a is 3, s=a+fun(a-1) means s=3+fun(2)  from here fun function is again called now this body again execute now a is 2, so s=3+fun(2), fun(2) is replaced by 2+fun(2-1=1) i.e s=3+2+fun(1) again fun function is called... overall s=3+2+1=6, s is return this return value goes where fun function is called , where return value is stored in k, so k=6 now print is 6. 

UNION

Definition:-                 Union is similar to structure, except it allows you to define the variable that share storage spaces.Defining a means creating a new data types. How use union:-                       when we create a structure by using struct keyword, now making a union we just replace the keyword struct with the keyword union , other syntax will be same. Difference  between Structure  and Union:- the only difference between them is in memory. NOTE:-  union is used for low level programming but structure mostly used for high level programming. Program to access union:- """SHARE IT WITH YOUR FRIENDS IF HE DID NOT KNOW""""